Compound · modafinil
T1Pharmaceutical

Modafinil

Weak dopamine transporter (DAT) inhibitor that elevates synaptic dopamine, with secondary activation of orexin/hypocretin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus. Also modulates norepinephrine, serotonin, and histamine systems. Unlike amphetamines, does not cause vesicular dopamine release or significant peripheral sympathetic activation.

Half-life
15 hours
Bioavailability
~80% (oral)
Route
oral
Evidence tier
T1 — Multiple RCTs
Optimization pillars
recovery
References
3 peer-reviewed
Dose ranges

Three tiers ordered by aggressiveness. Tier chips on every OPTIMIZE intervention let you filter the catalog by your evidence tolerance.

conservative
50–100 mg/day
Cognitive enhancement
moderate
100–200 mg/day
Standard narcolepsy and focus dose
aggressive
200–400 mg/day
Max approved dosing
Monitoring
  • alt
  • ast
  • creatinine
  • egfr
Contraindications
  • hypersensitivity-to-modafinil
  • severe-hepatic-impairment
  • left-ventricular-hypertrophy
  • mitral-valve-prolapse
References
  • PMID:26381811Modafinil for cognitive neuroenhancement in healthy non-sleep-deprived subjects: A systematic reviewEur Neuropsychopharmacol, 2015
  • PMID:18729534Effects of modafinil on dopamine and dopamine transporters in the male human brainJAMA, 2009
  • PMID:14725734Mechanisms of modafinil: a review of current researchNeuropsychiatr Dis Treat, 2004
Notes

Modafinil is the compound that made cognitive enhancement a mainstream conversation. Not because it is the most powerful stimulant. Because it is the most tolerable one. The 15-hour half-life is both its strength and its constraint. Take it after noon and you have purchased insomnia. The pharmacology is subtle. Weak DAT inhibition plus orexin activation creates wakefulness without the jittery dopamine surge of amphetamines. This is a precision tool for sleep-deprived performance, not a substitute for sleep architecture.

This is not medical advice

Discuss with a licensed clinician before starting, stopping, or changing any compound. This page documents what the research literature describes — it is not a prescription.

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