Learning path6 compounds · ~15 min

GLP-1 basics

Semaglutide vs tirzepatide vs liraglutide. Titration, monitoring, lean-mass preservation. What Mochi doesn't tell you.

  1. 01Semaglutide
    t½ 7 days (168 hours)

    Acylated GLP-1 receptor agonist with 94% homology to native GLP-1. Binds the GLP-1 receptor on pancreatic beta cells, enhancing glucose-dependent insulin secretion while suppressin…

  2. 02Tirzepatide
    t½ 5 days (120 hours)

    Dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist built on a 39-amino acid synthetic peptide backbone. Activates both incretin pathways simultaneously — GLP-1R for appetite suppression and insul…

  3. 03Liraglutide
    t½ 13 hours

    Acylated GLP-1 analog with 97% homology to native human GLP-1. The C16 fatty acid chain enables albumin binding, extending duration from the native peptide’s 2-minute half-life to …

  4. 04Retatrutide
    t½ ~5 days (~120 hours, estimated from phase 2 PK data)

    Triple agonist targeting GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptors simultaneously. The glucagon receptor activation adds a thermogenic and lipolytic dimension absent from dual agonists — …

  5. 05Metformin
    t½ 6.2 hours

    Activates AMPK via inhibition of mitochondrial complex I, reducing hepatic glucose output and improving peripheral insulin sensitivity. Secondary effects include suppression of mTO…

  6. 06Berberine
    t½ ~5 hours

    Isoquinoline alkaloid that activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in liver, muscle, and adipose tissue. AMPK activation improves insulin sensitivity by increasing GLUT4 tran…

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